NMAP
Cheat Sheet
1. Target Specification
nmap 192.168.1.1
Scan a single IP
nmap 192.168.1.1 192.168.2.1
Scan specific IPs
nmap 192.168.1.1-254
Scan a range
nmap scanme.nmap.org
Scan a domain
nmap 192.168.1.0/24
Scan using CIDR notation
-iL
nmap -iL targets.txt
Scan targets from a file
-iR
nmap -iR 100
Scan 100 random hosts
--exclude
nmap --exclude 192.168.1.1
Exclude listed hosts
2. Nmap Scan Techniques
-sS
nmap 192.168.1.1 -sS
TCP SYN port scan (Default)
-sT
nmap 192.168.1.1 -sT
TCP connect port scan (Default without root privilege)
-sU
nmap 192.168.1.1 -sU
UDP port scan
-sA
nmap 192.168.1.1 -sA
TCP ACK port scan
-sW
nmap 192.168.1.1 -sW
TCP Window port scan
-sM
nmap 192.168.1.1 -sM
TCP Maimon port scan
3. Host Discovery
-sL
nmap 192.168.1.1-3 -sL
No Scan. List targets only
-sn
nmap 192.168.1.1/24 -sn
Disable port scanning. Host discovery only.
-Pn
nmap 192.168.1.1-5 -Pn
Disable host discovery. Port scan only.
-PS
nmap 192.168.1.1-5 -PS22-25,80
TCP SYN discovery on port x. Port 80 by default
-PA
nmap 192.168.1.1-5 -PA22-25,80
TCP ACK discovery on port x. Port 80 by default
-PU
nmap 192.168.1.1-5 -PU53
UDP discovery on port x. Port 40125 by default
-PR
nmap 192.168.1.1-1/24 -PR
ARP discovery on local network
-n
nmap 192.168.1.1 -n
Never do DNS resolution
4. Port Specification
-p
nmap 192.168.1.1 -p 21
Port scan for port x
-p
nmap 192.168.1.1 -p 21-100
Port range
-p
nmap 192.168.1.1 -p U:53,T:21-25,80
Port scan multiple TCP and UDP ports
-p
nmap 192.168.1.1 -p-
Port scan all ports
-p
nmap 192.168.1.1 -p http,https
Port scan from service name
-F
nmap 192.168.1.1 -F
Fast port scan (100 ports)
--top-ports
nmap 192.168.1.1 --top-ports 2000
Port scan the top x ports
-p-65535
nmap 192.168.1.1 -p-65535
Leaving off initial port in range makes the scan start at port 1
-p0-
nmap 192.168.1.1 -p0-
Leaving off end port in range makes the scan go through to port 65535
5. Service and Version Detection
-sV
nmap 192.168.1.1 -sV
Attempts to determine the version of the service running on port
-sV --version-intensity
nmap 192.168.1.1 -sV --version-intensity 8
Intensity level 0 to 9. Higher number increases possibility of correctness
-sV --version-light
nmap 192.168.1.1 -sV --version-light
Enable light mode. Lower possibility of correctness. Faster
-sV --version-all
nmap 192.168.1.1 -sV --version-all
Enable intensity level 9. Higher possibility of correctness. Slower
-A
nmap 192.168.1.1 -A
Enables OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute
6. OS Detection
-O
nmap 192.168.1.1 -O
Remote OS detection using TCP/IP stack fingerprinting
-O --osscan-limit
nmap 192.168.1.1 -O --osscan-limit
If at least one open and one closed TCP port are not found it will not try OS detection against host
-O --osscan-guess
nmap 192.168.1.1 -O --osscan-guess
Makes Nmap guess more aggressively
-O --max-os-tries
nmap 192.168.1.1 -O --max-os-tries 1
Set the maximum number x of OS detection tries against a target
-A
nmap 192.168.1.1 -A
Enables OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute
7. Timing and Performance
-T0
nmap 192.168.1.1 -T0
Paranoid (0) Intrusion Detection System evasion
-T1
nmap 192.168.1.1 -T1
Sneaky (1) Intrusion Detection System evasion
-T2
nmap 192.168.1.1 -T2
Polite (2) slows down the scan to use less bandwidth and use less target machine resources
-T3
nmap 192.168.1.1 -T3
Normal (3) which is default speed
-T4
nmap 192.168.1.1 -T4
Aggressive (4) speeds scans; assumes you are on a reasonably fast and reliable network
-T5
nmap 192.168.1.1 -T5
Insane (5) speeds scan; assumes you are on an extraordinarily fast network
8. Timing and Performance Switches
--host-timeout <time>
1s; 4m; 2h
Give up on target after this long
--min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout <time>
1s; 4m; 2h
Specifies probe round trip time
--min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup <size<size>>
50; 1024
Parallel host scan group sizes
--min-parallelism/max-parallelism <numprobes>
10; 1
Probe parallelization
--max-retries <tries>
3
Specify the maximum number of port scan probe retransmissions
--min-rate <number>
100
Send packets no slower than <number> per second
--max-rate <number>
100
Send packets no faster than <number> per second
9. NSE Scripts
-sC
nmap 192.168.1.1 -sC
Scan with default NSE scripts. Considered useful for discovery and safe
--script default
nmap 192.168.1.1 --script default
Scan with default NSE scripts. Considered useful for discovery and safe
--script
nmap 192.168.1.1 --script=banner
Scan with a single script. Example banner
--script
nmap 192.168.1.1 --script=http*
Scan with a wildcard. Example http
--script
nmap 192.168.1.1 --script=http,banner
Scan with two scripts. Example http and banner
--script
nmap 192.168.1.1 --script "not intrusive"
Scan default, but remove intrusive scripts
--script-args
nmap --script snmp-sysdescr --script-args snmpcommunity=admin 192.168.1.1
NSE script with arguments
10. Useful NSE Script Examples
nmap -Pn --script=http-sitemap-generator scanme.nmap.org
http site map generator
nmap -n -Pn -p 80 --open -sV -vvv --script banner,http-title -iR 1000
Fast search for random web servers
nmap -Pn --script=dns-brute domain.com
Brute forces DNS hostnames guessing subdomains
nmap -n -Pn -vv -O -sV --script smb-enum*,smb-ls,smb-mbenum,smb-os-discovery,smb-s*,smb-vuln*,smbv2* -vv 192.168.1.1
Safe SMB scripts to run
nmap --script whois* domain.com
Whois query
nmap -p80 --script http-unsafe-output-escaping scanme.nmap.org
Detect cross site scripting vulnerabilities
nmap -p80 --script http-sql-injection scanme.nmap.org
Check for SQL injections
11. Firewall / IDS Evasion and Spoofing
-f
nmap 192.168.1.1 -f
Requested scan (including ping scans) use tiny fragmented IP packets. Harder for packet filters
--mtu
nmap 192.168.1.1 --mtu 32
Set your own offset size
-D
nmap -D 192.168.1.101,192.168.1.102,192.168.1.103,192.168.1.23 192.168.1.1
Send scans from spoofed IPs
-D
nmap -D decoy-ip1,decoy-ip2,your-own-ip,decoy-ip3,decoy-ip4 remote-host-ip
Above example explained
-S
nmap -S www.microsoft.com www.facebook.com
Scan Facebook from Microsoft (-e eth0 -Pn may be required)
-g
nmap -g 53 192.168.1.1
Use given source port number
--proxies
nmap --proxies http://192.168.1.1:8080, http://192.168.1.2:8080 192.168.1.1
Relay connections through HTTP/SOCKS4 proxies
--data-length
nmap --data-length 200 192.168.1.1
Appends random data to sent packets
Example IDS Evasion command
12. Ouput
-oN
nmap 192.168.1.1 -oN normal.file
Normal output to the file normal.file
-oX
nmap 192.168.1.1 -oX xml.file
XML output to the file xml.file
-oG
nmap 192.168.1.1 -oG grep.file
Grepable output to the file grep.file
-oA
nmap 192.168.1.1 -oA results
Output in the three major formats at once
-oG --
nmap 192.168.1.1 -oG --
Grepable output to screen. -oN -, -oX – also usable
--append-output
nmap 192.168.1.1 -oN file.file --append-output
Append a scan to a previous scan file
-v
nmap 192.168.1.1 -v
Increase the verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect)
-d
nmap 192.168.1.1 -d
Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect)
--reason
nmap 192.168.1.1 --reason
Display the reason a port is in a particular state, same output as -vv
--open
nmap 192.168.1.1 --open
Only show open (or possibly open) ports
--packet-trace
nmap 192.168.1.1 -T4 --packet-trace
Show all packets sent and received
13. Helpful Nmap Output examples
nmap -p80 -sV -oG – –open 192.168.1.1/24 | grep open
Scan des serveurs Web et filtrage pour afficher les adresses IP qui les exécutent
nmap -iR 10 -n -oX out.xml | grep Nmap | cut -d " " -f5 > live-hosts.txt
Génération d'une liste des adresses IP des hôtes actifs
nmap -iR 10 -n -oX out2.xml | grep Nmap | cut -d " " -f5 >> live-hosts.txt
Ajout d'une adresse IP à la liste des hôtes actifs
ndiff scanl.xml scan2.xml
Comparaison des résultats de la commande nmap à l'aide de l'outil ndif
xsltproc nmap.xml -o nmap.html
Conversion des fichiers XML nmap en fichiers HTML
grep open results.nmap | sed -r 's/ +/ /g' | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn | less
Liste triée par ordre décroissant de la fréquence à laquelle les ports sont ouverts
14. Miscellaneous Nmap Flags
-6
nmap -6 2607:f0d0:1002:51::4
Activation de l'analyse IPv6
-h
nmap -h
Affichage de l'aide de la commande nmap
Troubleshooting
If error “dnet: Failed to open device eth2“
Add following parameter
Credits : Nmap Cheat Sheet 2023: All the Commands, Flags & Switches